Transcultural public policy and factors associated with nonadherence to hiv/aids haart in the peruvian-amazonian kusy pagata ethnic group [Política pública transcultural y factores no adherentes al targa del vih-sida etnia perú-amazónica kusu pagata]

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction: One of the problems affecting Latin American indigenous peoples is the lack of epidemiological data regarding the prevalence of HIV/AIDS, because the information and surveillance systems do not record the ethnicity variable. Objective: To propose a cross-cultural public policy to prevent factors associated with nonadherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS in the Amazonian Kusu Pagata ethnic group. Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study with 18 residents diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in the Kusu Pagata community, Peru, carried out in the period 20182019. A questionnaire validated by experts and Cronbach's alpha reliability (0.71) were applied. The variables investigated were the factors associated with nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy. The proposal was a public policy based on Madeleine Leininger’s theory. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (mean comparison test for Shapiro-Wilk homogeneous variances, and F test for 1-tailed variance comparison) were used. Results: The average age of the nonadherent patients was 21 years, significantly older than that of the adherent ones (18.2 years). 80% of those who went to the healer were not adherent to treatment. 50% were adherent and went to the health institution. 64% consumed treatments with products made with plants, which was considered nonadherent to drug treatment. 71% took other alternative treatments. Conclusion: A transcultural public policy was proposed based on Madeleine Leininger's theory to prevent factors associated with nonadherence to HIV/AIDS antiretroviral therapy in the Amazonian Kusu Pagata ethnic group.